Sunday, November 08, 2026

Doctor Subtilis

 Today is the memorial of Bl. John Duns Scotus. He is thought to have been born in 1265 or 1266. There is a longstanding dispute over whether the 'Scotus' in his name means that he was from Scotland or Northern England, but the 'Duns' is usually thought to indicate that he was born in Duns, Scotland. He became a Franciscan (usually thought to have taken the habit in Dumfries) and was ordained in England in 1291. He studied at Oxford, and then taught at Paris. He was suddenly sent to teach in cologne in 1307, and died in 1308. Thus the famous poem on his sarcophagus in Cologne: 'Scotia birthed me, Anglia accepted me, Gallia taught me, Cologne holds me.' From the Ordinatio, Book I, distinction 3, part 3, question 4, article 1.1, section 480, on the image of God in the soul (my rough translation):

The soul has in itself some perfection according to which it is first act with respect to generated awareness (notitiae genitae), and it has in itself some perfection according to which it formally receives generated awareness, and it has in itself some perfection according to which it formally receives volition. These three perfections are called 'memory', 'understanding', and 'will' -- or 'soul', inasmuch as it has these. Thus the soul, inasmuch as it has the total first act with respect to intellection (to wit, something of the soul and the object present to it as intelligible), is called 'memory', and this in particular 'perfect memory', including both intellect and that by which the object is present to it. The same soul inasmuch as it receives generated awareness is called 'understanding', and 'perfect understanding' as it is under that generated awareness. The will is also called perfect inasmuch as it is under a perfect act of willing. Therefore, taking these three on the part of the soul as they are under their three acts, in these three terms, I say, is consubstantiality as these three realities that are on the soul's part, but there is distinction and origin as these actualities are received in the soul according to these realities of the soul.

(It's worth remembering that 'perfection' in medieval Latin is a synonym for 'completeness' or 'completion', and thus is here a technical term for 'what completes something as a being'. 'Genitum' can also mean 'birthed'.)